Uganda is home to over half of the world’s remaining mountain gorilla population, making it one of the most important destinations on earth for gorilla conservation and tourism. Nestled in the misty forests of the southwest are two iconic national parks—Bwindi Impenetrable and Mgahinga Gorilla National Parks—where travelers can embark on one of the most profound wildlife experiences available: coming face-to-face with mountain gorillas in their natural habitat.

Gorilla Population & Conservation Milestones

Uganda protects more than 500 mountain gorillas, with the majority residing in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The remaining groups live in the smaller but spectacular Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, which borders Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The country pioneered gorilla trekking as a conservation tool in the early 1990s. Since then, the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) has worked with local communities and international partners to habituate gorilla families and promote responsible tourism. Each year, more than 20,000 visitors come to Uganda to track gorillas—making it the leading destination for this unique adventure.

Government Support for Gorilla Tourism

Uganda offers various incentives to promote gorilla trekking, including:

• Discounted permits during low season

• Special conservation campaigns to encourage sustainable visits

• Strict safety and environmental guidelines to protect gorillas and enhance the trekking experience

• Visa-friendly policies for East African tourists and multi-country visitors (East Africa Tourist Visa)

Gorilla Families in Uganda

Uganda is home to over 20 habituated gorilla families available for tracking, most of them in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and one in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park. Each family consists of several individuals—silverbacks, adult females, juveniles, and infants—led by a dominant silverback.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Bwindi is divided into four main tracking sectors. Each has unique terrain and its own set of habituated families. Permits are issued based on the sector, so knowing where each family resides is essential when planning accommodation and transport.

Buhoma Sector (Northwest Bwindi – oldest and most accessible sector)

• Mubare Family – The first group to be habituated in Uganda (1993). Known for its history and shorter trekking route.

• Habinyanja Family – Large group with a long trail, suitable for experienced trekkers.

• Rushegura Family – Calm group often found closer to the park offices, great for first-time trekkers.

Trail Type: Moderate
Ideal for: Those who prefer accessibility and established lodging.

Ruhija Sector (Northeast Bwindi – higher altitude and less trafficked)

• Oruzogo Family – Playful juveniles and dynamic silverbacks; longer trek.

• Bitukura Family – Well-known for their calm nature and shorter hike.

• Kyaguliro Family – Previously used for research, now open for tourism.

Trail Type: Challenging due to elevation
Ideal for: Birdwatchers, experienced hikers, and those looking for fewer crowds.

Rushaga Sector (Southern Bwindi – highest number of families)

• Nshongi Family – Once the largest known group; good for longer treks.

• Mishaya Family – Breakaway group from Nshongi; known for its silverback’s assertive nature.

• Kahungye Family – Very active, with many juveniles.

• Bweza Family – Easier to access, usually a moderate trek.

• Busingye Family – Independent group with fewer individuals.

• Rwigi Family – A newer addition to Rushaga’s offering.

Trail Type: Varies (moderate to hard)
Ideal for: Travelers who want flexible options and potential for habituation experiences.

Nkuringo Sector (Southwestern Bwindi – scenic, steep terrain)

• Nkuringo Family – Adventurous trek through steep hills; offers stunning views.

• Christmas Family – A smaller group, usually near the park’s boundary.

• Bushaho Family – Split from Nkuringo; deep forest routes.

Trail Type: Strenuous
Ideal for: Fit trekkers and photographers looking for panoramic landscapes.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park

• Nyakagezi Family – The only habituated group in Mgahinga, but highly rewarding. Known for their playful nature and stable home range within the park in recent years. Previously crossed into Rwanda and Congo but now regularly tracked in Uganda.

Trail Type: Steep, volcanic terrain
Ideal for: Those wanting a less-crowded trek with high scenic value.

Where to Trek Gorillas in Uganda

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

• Location: Southwestern Uganda, across four sectors (Buhoma, Ruhija, Rushaga, Nkuringo)

• Gorilla Families: Over 20 habituated families

• Highlights: Ancient forest with high biodiversity, community tourism options, multi-day trekking

Bwindi is Uganda’s gorilla heartland. It offers the highest number of gorilla groups and is suitable for both short treks and in-depth encounters. Each sector has its own set of families, accommodation options, and access points.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park

• Location: Bordering Rwanda and DRC, part of the Virunga mountain range

• Gorilla Families: 1 habituated group (Nyakagezi), known for crossing borders

• Highlights: Volcanic landscapes, golden monkey tracking, fewer crowds

Mgahinga provides a more intimate experience, often with fewer tourists. The trekking paths are scenic but steeper, set against the dramatic backdrop of extinct volcanoes.

Distance to the Gorilla Parks

• From Kampala/Entebbe to Bwindi or Mgahinga:

  • By Road: 8–10 hours (private car or scheduled 4×4 tour)

  • By Air: 1 hour by domestic flight to Kisoro or Kihihi Airstrips, followed by a 1–2 hour road transfer

• From Kigali, Rwanda: 3–4 hours by road to either park, ideal for travelers flying into Kigali

Accommodation Options

Uganda offers a wide range of safari lodges and eco-lodges for every budget:

• Luxury: Clouds Mountain Gorilla Lodge, Buhoma Lodge, Mount Gahinga Lodge

• Mid-range: Ichumbi Gorilla Lodge, Rushaga Gorilla Haven, Lake Mulehe Safari Lodge

• Budget: Gorilla Valley Lodge, Broadbill Forest Camp, community-run guesthouses

Most lodges are located near park entry points and offer early morning breakfast, packed lunches, and guiding services. Many support local communities and conservation programs.

Best Time to Go Gorilla Trekking in Uganda

Gorilla trekking in Uganda is available year-round, but the most favorable seasons are:

• Dry seasons: June–September and December–February

  • Trails are drier, and viewing conditions are ideal.

• Wet seasons: March–May and October–November

  • Lush forest scenes, fewer tourists, occasional permit discounts

Note: Even in dry months, Bwindi and Mgahinga remain misty and moist due to high elevation and dense forest cover. Always prepare for occasional rain.

Safety & Security

Uganda is a safe and stable destination for wildlife tourism. Both Bwindi and Mgahinga parks are well-patrolled by armed rangers and monitored by local and international conservation teams.

• All treks are led by professional, licensed guides.

• On-site medical support is available at major lodges and park headquarters.

• The Uganda Wildlife Authority ensures group safety and ethical wildlife encounters.

Pro tip: Hiring a porter not only helps manage your gear but also supports local livelihoods and enhances safety on slippery trails.

What to Wear for Gorilla Trekking in Uganda

Prepare for varying terrain, altitude, and changing forest conditions. Essential clothing includes:

• Long-sleeved shirts and long trousers to protect against branches and insects

• Sturdy hiking boots with good grip

• Lightweight rain jacket or poncho

• Garden gloves for handling vegetation

• Hat and sunglasses for sun protection

• Neutral colors like green, brown, or beige (avoid bright colors)